10. The National Question
Stalin defined the nation in his essay Marxism and the National Question. For Stalin, an ethnic Georgian who would later go on to be appointed People’s Commissar for Nationalities in the early Soviet Union, a nation was “a historically constituted, stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, […]
9. The State
Many envision the state as an impartial force, standing “above classes” and representing the interests of all members of society equally. According to this belief, the laws, police, judges, armed forces, politicians, and cultural institutions under government control operate impartially, with no class allegiances. However, as Marxists we challenge this misconception and understand that the […]
8. Class
“The exploiting classes need political rule to maintain exploitation, i.e., in the selfish interests of an insignificant minority against the vast majority of all people. The exploited classes need political rule in order to completely abolish all exploitation, i.e., in the interests of the vast majority of the people, and against the insignificant minority consisting […]
7. Imperialism
As we saw in the previous section, with the development of finance capital, industries in entire countries became united into large enterprises controlled by banks. Various producers joined forces, and the anarchy of competitive production within each nation was replaced by the formation of monopolies and state-capitalist trusts. In the early 20th century, some thinkers […]
6. Finance Capital
As monopolisation developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, small enterprises and shareholder companies were increasingly taken over by large capitalist combines, known as syndicates, cartels, and trusts. How did these combined enterprises form? In certain industries, the smaller capitalists were entirely “mopped up” until all that remained were a handful of large […]
5. Price and Profit
The surplus value produced by workers remains ‘locked’ in a product and is only realised when it is sold on the market at a price. Although this price tends to reflect the value (exchange value) of a given commodity, that is, the socially necessary labour time expended on it, this relationship is by no means […]
4. Value
“Just as man is governed, in religion, by the products of his own brain, so, in capitalist production, he is governed by the products of his own hand.” ― Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Volume 1 Every material thing that can satisfy a human want or need has something called a “use-value”. […]
3. Historical Materialism
Understanding history correctly is crucial in order to chart a path forwards. Unlike bourgeois historians who often see history idealistically as driven by the ideas and actions of “great men”, or consider capitalism to be the “end of history” with no potentials for further advance, Marxist-Leninists apply dialectical materialist thinking to understand that history proceeds […]
2. Dialectical Materialism
Where materialism anchors our philosophical worldview in a scientific understanding of the relationship of matter to consciousness, materialist dialectics take us even further with a scientific theory of motion and development. Taken together, dialectical materialism allows us to correctly analyse the world around us, understand our past, resolve all sorts of problems in the present, […]
1. Materialism
To begin understanding the working-class worldview of Marxism-Leninism, we first need to discuss the philosophy on which it is based. After all, how can we seek to change the world without the tools we need to understand it? The result of centuries of investigation and ideological struggle have led communists to one rational philosophy above […]
